FOR write a novel it is necessary to be clear that the writer of it and the narrator are two different entities y not comparable. The writer is the physical person who writes the work and the narrator is a fictional entity like the rest of the characters (it may even be one of them) that becomes neither more nor less than the essential voice of the novel, which emerges of its existence since it is he who relates.
The weight and presence of the narrator varies from one work to another, especially according to the narrative conception of the different authors.
Many consider that it is due limit your presence as well as their value judgments, while others give total freedom to their narrator to elaborate more and to enter to assess situations, events or behaviors of characters.
It is essential to know well the existing types of narrator to be able to choose the one that most favors the story we want to tell and the way we want to give it and of course to be faithful and consistent with the choice we make. Thus We leave you a small diagram of the main types of existing narrator, although there are works that alternate from one to another, changing the narrator several times throughout the course of it. It is necessary to know that even if a third-person narrator is chosen predominantly, characters can occasionally assume that role if at some point in the novel they tell a story or anecdote to other characters in the middle of a dialogue.
These would be the main types of narrator:
Narrators in 3rd person (External):
Omniscient: You know everything about the characters, their past, what they think or feel and can even know in advance what is going to happen.
Observer: It only counts the observable facts, at no time does it penetrate the minds or the feelings of the characters, and can only refer to it based on what they express through their reactions.
Narrators in 1st person (Internal):
Main narrator: he is the protagonist of the work and tells what he perceives from his perspective, being able to attest to what he feels or thinks or even what he believes others are feeling or thinking, without having to be right in said assessments.
Witness narrator: it would be someone who appears in the play as a secondary character who attends the events that are related. Your knowledge is limited to what you see or hear.